Notes concerning spectatorship and framing:

• Multiple centers of interest compete for the attention of both the reader and the characters, disrupting any stable boundary between the "show" and its audience.

Richard Felton Outcault, "The GreatDog Show in M'Googan Avenue," cartoon, World 16 Feb.1896; rpt. in R.F. Outcault's The Yellow Kid: A Centennial Celebration of the Kid Who Started the Comics,(Northampton, Massachusetts:Kitchen Sink Press, 1995) plate 10.