Towards the turn of the century, many Americans believed that you could tell a criminal by the way he or she looked--that all murderers looked more or less alike, that all forgers had a typical appearance. They called the study of people's appearance "pysiognomy," and the study of the relatrion between appearance and crime "criminology." Criminologists assuemd that evil, or violence, or irrationality, would inevitably show up in the face or body of the criminal. In the most extreme cases, wrote one criminologist, "imprisonment in advance applies:" that is, some people's appearance demonstrated that they simply were criminals, by their very nature. They just hadn't committed their crimes yet.

Criminal-investigating equipment, 1905

One of these men is a forger!!

Forgers: "have an artlessness, and something clerical in their manner...some have a haggard look, very small eyes, and the face of an old woman." (Arthur McDonald, Criminology )

"Forgers and swindlers wear a singular, stereotyped expressionof amiability on their faces...they have small eyes, twisted and large noses, become bald and gray haired at an early age, and often possess faces of a feminine cast" (Cesare Lombroso, Criminal Man)

Note the small eyes