| 256 CONSTITUTION AND CHARACTER
independent empires. The Assyrians, the Persians,
the Greeks, the Romans, and, following
them, the great European nations of modern times,
have entirely outstript in arts, in science, and in
civilization all the other races of the globe;
although many of these other races have possessed,
each in its own region of the earth, equal facilities
for advancement, and have held them for the same
length of time.
CONSTITUTIONAL DIVERSITIES.
We must suppose, then, that there is a great
and permanent difference in the physical and
intellectual constitution of the different races—
permanent at least in. this respect, that it cannot be
changed by any human means in the course of any
moderate number of generations. Whether these
differences have been produced by external causes,
such as climate and modes of life, or by some hidden
innate causes more or less connected with
ther way to us wholly inscrutable, is at present
entirely unknown. We must, at any rate; accept
the difference actually existing as a fact, and conform
our reasonings and our action to it-always
acknowledging, however, that the inferiority of any
race to ours, if we claim that such inferiority
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