Teaching History in the Digital Age

November 12, 2006

Should learning history be seen as a “scientific” process?

Filed under: Uncategorized, matthew — Matthew Gravely @ 8:11 pm

Recently, as many of you know, Lendol Calder paid a visit to our class blog, during which he asked the question: “Calder makes history teaching seem so technical, so architectural in its emphasis on design, a critic might conclude. Is this close to what you meant by “scientific”?” I would say “no,” and here is why: Often times, the best and most enriching classes do not fit a specific design or archetypal structure.

After rereading Lendol’s article, Uncoverage: Toward a Signature Pedagogy for the History Survey, I would claim that learning history isn’t as scientific as the question suggests; I believe that he holds a more flexible viewpoint, based on the reading. Moreover, I personally think the point he was driving at was not alluding to a rigid and highly-structured scientific design for learning history, but a design that takes shape gradually over time as students learn what they are being taught. Does this make sense?

For example, Calder states:

“Historical thinking, like other forms of disciplinary thinking, begins with clear-eyed wonder before the world. But questioning is an extraordinarily difficult skill for most students, probably because for their whole lives teachers and textbooks have posed the questions for them (”Write an essay on the following question . . .”). Feeding students a steady diet of other people’s questions is a sure-fire prescription for mental dyspepsia. So the first move students need to learn is that of asking good historical questions. To this end the first meeting in every unit is designed to intensify students’ desire to inquire.”

I think this very concept is important to consider. I would venture to say that most students do not approach learning history based on scientific inquiry. Rather, their minds are more receptive to the information at first, and then logic slowly falls into place, which could resemble a kind of scientific process, based on however one chooses to define “science.” But to think of learning history as something technical? I don’t think I can fully accept that idea, and I am glad that Calder asked the question.

Cheers,

Matt   

November 10, 2006

Final Project

Filed under: Uncategorized, final presentations, matthew — Matthew Gravely @ 8:19 pm

First, I would like to make the comment that I believe everyone in the class has really good ideas for their final projects. What is also wonderful is that I feel our projects are more the part of a collective effort, and it is great that we all got to exchange ideas during Tuesday’s class.

My idea for the final started off quite innocently. I’ve always known that John Evelyn, the famous 17th century diarist, bares a relation to me on my grandmother’s side. I’ve always had an interest in learning more about the man, yet I’ve never found the time to read his diary; until just recently. This new found interest in Evelyn has given me direction for my final.
In short, the idea for my project is geared towards helping students learn how to read primary sources. I would like to take segments from Evelyn’s diary, Vaclav Havel’s Open Letters, and Fredrick Douglas’ writings and get students to read and analyze them. To equal out the playing field, I would also allow students to choose from women in history, such as , Florence Nightingale, Martha Ballard, Dorothea Dix, etc. The main point of this exercise would be give students the necessary tools for conceptualizing primary sources, as well as getting them to take away the “big picture” from the various writings.

To keep them interested, I would also want them to choose anyone they would like to be from history and get them to act out a certain part of a speech, letter, etc. They would be able to do this in groups to make the effort collective. Of course, their ideas would have to get approved by me, their imaginary teacher. This would be made necessary to eliminate the chance of a student choosing somebody controversial, or offensive.

I sincerely hope this will develop fully in thought as well as in practice.

What do you all think?

November 9, 2006

Dr. Cathy Waegner and her response on Utopia

Filed under: Uncategorized, matthew — Matthew Gravely @ 11:04 pm

Hello all!

My friend, Dr. Cathy Waegner, who lives in Germany recently sent me an email in regards to my post on Utopia. Dr. Waegner conducted research on Utopia a few years ago. Dr. Waegner is a professor of English at Siegen University in Germany.
Her comments are as follows:

“Dear Matthew and Sal, Thanks to you, Sis, for forwarding Matthew’s email. I looked into the blog and the DAACS database – hot stuff! First of all, I loved Matthew’s description of his relationship to Utopia (and Sal’s excellent photos brought back memories for me too…) Secondly, the database was mind-boggling – and to think that Utopias 1, 2, 3, and 4 are just a stone’s throw away from 160 John Browning! I noticed that Garrett Fessler and his James River Institute for Archeology will be excavating a new site (First Settlers’ Campground) in Williamsburg in 2007. Do you know where that venue is? Maybe Matthew can be in on that from the beginning. There are also two other slave cemeteries which have been researched by Colonial Williamsburg – I’d like to locate them the next time I’m in W-burg. That database didn’t exist when I did my modest work on Utopia, but Garrett Fessler gave me photocopies of his findings and reports which obviously were fed into the database. (By the way, I noticed that his name is listed as “Dr. Garrett Fessler” – he was too busy to complete his doctorate back when I was interviewing him, but I’m glad to see he finally did it!) I have to quit now, but we can keep in touch on all of this. Good luck with your investigations, Matthew–

Lots of love, Cathy

P.S. I was also fascinated by your sleuthing with regard to your English grandmother!”

I would like to personally thank Dr. Waegner for her kind words.

October 19, 2006

Utopia pictures take 2.

Filed under: Uncategorized, matthew — Matthew Gravely @ 12:34 pm

Utopia Picture # 1Utopia picture # 2artphotos_009.jpg

October 18, 2006

Munchen

Filed under: Uncategorized, matthew — Matthew Gravely @ 4:20 pm

Muchen is an article written in 1942 by my late grandmother, Elisabeth Gravely. I would love to share this with all of you.
My grandmother was an aspiring actress while growing up in England and always was inspired by the arts. She was casted in some early British films playing the roles of Bessie Surtees and Grace Darling. (I have looked fervently for copies of these movies, but I haven’t had any luck.)
She moved to America in the late 30’s-early 40’s to marry my late grandfather, Dr. William Gravely. While living in America she started her career as a freelance writer for The Post, and afterwards she subsequently became a famous local muralist, whose work was exhibited in such places as The Capitol Lodge and The Reeve Gouche (a once bustling restaurant located in Georgetown that played host to a number politicians.)

This is one of the few articles of hers that I found while conducting a search on Pro-Quest Research Database about a year ago. Thanks to Dr. Kelly’s History 312 class, I found out about this wonderful tool that led me to a gold-mine.

Munchen

The fellow Karl that she speaks of was a suitor of hers. The story in my family is that when he visited my grandmother in England, he spent a lot of his time studying the British coast line while sailing with my great-grandfather. As it turns out, he was a spy for the Nazis – or at least this is how the story goes. In a letter written by my great-uncle Nory (or, as he calls himself both “Fish Taco” and “S32″…no, seriously) he mentions this account:

“I think my parents were afraid that E was going to marry Karl when she went on that Munich safari. Before that my Dad had taken Karl sailing on the Walrus all the way up the north east coast to Lindisfarne. Karl took continous photographs of the coastline – even when there was nothing to see except sand dunes. That puzzled everyone. Just recently I’ve been reading about Hitler’s invasion plans of England. The main Nazi thrust was of course to be in the south around Dover, but a divisionary strike was planned from Norway to exactly the northeast coastel area that Karl had been so busily documenting. Little did my Dad know that he was entertaining a spy!” -Nory a.k.a- “Fish Taco”, a.k.a- “S32″

Utopia: “Their Souls Are Forever Free”

Filed under: Uncategorized, history of history, matthew — Matthew Gravely @ 1:05 pm

Along the James River in Kingsmill lies a memorial site called Utopia. The memorial marks a spot around where twenty-five enslaved Africans and their descendants were buried:

“Researchers from the James River Institute of Archaeology discovered the remains of twenty-five enslaved Africans and their descendants located in a cemetary near the site at a slave quarters known as Utopia.
The land where the cemetary was situated was owned by the families of Colonel Thomas Pettus and later by James Bray.

It is estimated that they lived between the seventeenth century (ca 1690) and early eighteenth century (ca 1770). America was not yet a nation during their life time.

The remains of their bodies were moved to protect from further deterioration and are buried under this monument. Their souls are forever free.”

I have visited this site on many occasions while visiting our close family friends who live along the James River in Kingmill. Their house is situated about a hundred yards away from Utopia. This place is very dear to me, and when I visit our friends, I usually make it a point to walk down and visit Utopia. It’s a very peaceful place. I just go to sit and meditate.

Last night, I came across an archaeological database called the Digital Archaeological Archive of Comparative Slavery. The database devotes itself to helping people learn about the enslaved Africans living in the Chesapeake, Carolinas, and Carribean during the Colonial and Ante-Bellum periods. The database also has a big section with a lot of good background information on Utopia.

A nice feature of this database allows one to access artifact queries. An artifact query is a basic inventory of artifacts found at each site. In this sense, a viewer of this database can get an idea of the many possessions these people carried with them. The artifact query section is just one of the many queries that people can access at this database. Click here for more.

I’ll leave everyone with a few pictures that my dear friend, Sally Lewis, sent to me.

Utopia:

Picture 1.

Picture 2.

Picture 3.

May their souls remain free forever.

October 15, 2006

Weeks 7 & 8 – A Critique of CHNM Projects

Filed under: chnm projects, cutting edge, history and tech, matthew, other projects — Matthew Gravely @ 5:57 pm

Up to this point in the course, we have learned how digital technology has re-shaped the traditional pedagogy of historians. Digital media as a tool for learning has made information more accessible and readily available for the historian. This post will look at a few of the projects that the Center of History and New Media at GMU has worked on in the past, as well as analyze their strengths and weaknesses…(well mostly strengths.)
The first project that we will look at is called World History Sources and is located at this link: World History Sources. Upon first glance, the site looks very easy to navigate. There is not a lot of clutter, which makes a world of difference when trying to access the various sources one would need to conduct research. For instance, the links on the main page of the website provide access to more specific information. This is very helpful when doing research for an essay because the user does not have to sift through a lot of pointless information just to find something on say, Trade in World History. What is also quite effective about the website is that it offers interactive multimedia features to help one analyze specific aspects of World History, such as music. By actually hearing and seeing the music played, the historian may arrive at a better analytical interpretation of the music, as opposed to just reading about what’s being played. The ease at which one can navigate this site also matched with the interactive features makes World History Sources a full-fledged winner. (more…)

October 9, 2006

School teacher fired over showing art to class?

Filed under: Uncategorized, matthew — Matthew Gravely @ 5:55 pm

Hi everybody:

I ran across this article while reading The Virginian-Pilot this morning. I have to say that I am a little appalled at this school system in Frisco, Texas.

Here is the link to a Dallas newspaper that covered the story back in August:

School teacher is fired…

Is it just me, or does anybody else have a problem with this teacher losing her job over some angry parent’s decision to make a big deal out of this? It’s called ART for heaven’s sake….I really don’t want to lose faith in the public education system, but stories like this one make me wonder…
My mom is a middle school art teacher who has taught in the Virginia Beach School System for over 30 years. I just can’t help but think that something like this could easily happen to her.

I feel extremely sorry for this teacher whose only crime was taking her students to an art museum.

September 28, 2006

Could Less Be More? The Possibilities of Learning in the Digital Age.

Filed under: Uncategorized, history and tech, matthew — Matthew Gravely @ 6:56 pm

In the now copious realm of using digital media for educating our students, does the adage “less is more” make any sense? Since many educators are now reforming their pedagogies to teach history through using the web, a concern for many historians, oral historians in particular, is that learning through the internet may ultimately result in not emphasizing what needs to be learnt. Are they correct in their assumptions? Possibly. However, what we should focus our efforts on is not a swift and immediate relapse into teaching history before the introduction of the web; we should focus on making the net easier to use for the history student. These articles reflect on the possibilties and concerns for students who are learning and living in the age of the Internet.

There are those hardliners who believe that the Internet is interfering in the educational process that takes place between the teacher and student. What they fail to realize is that the web can offer a myriad of possibilties; it just needs to be used in the proper manner. In the article, Beyond Amusement: Reflections on Multimedia, Pedagogy, and Digital Literacy in the History Seminar, author David Ringrose of Minot State University believes that using the web for multimedia projects is a very useful way to convey well-thought ideas to everyone in the seminar. He writes that a common, but misguided goal for students is “to satisfy one reader: the professor.” He goes on to mention that these kinds of projects would require the presenter to”satisfy a broad audience.” As a result, everyone would take away a sense of what the project is about, thus making these projects a collaborative effort in learning. This should be the goal of all educators: to create a balanced environment that allows students to feel comfortable with giving presentations, participating in discussion, and lessen the polarity between the teacher and student. I believe that this sort of thing can be achieved through the teaching and learning how to use the web as a source of multimedia. But why use multimedia for teaching and learning history?

In Mary A. Larson’s article, Potential, Potential, Potential: The Marriage of Oral History and the World Wide Web, she makes a great case for the usage of the web as a beneficial tool in oral history…

(Oral historians – do not fret! The web has got ya covered.)

There always has been a concern about plagiarism among historians in academia. This is why I believe that many historians find it hard to shake their nervousness and reluctancy towards using the web. However, the issues that constitute what type of material is fit for using in the public domain has been carried over from the transcribed world, so its not like every web creator has a knack for plagairising. Yet, many hardliners still believe that using the web in the classroom may put their jobs in jeopardy. Or, could it be that many of these traditionalists have no clue how to teach in a web-based environment? By either standard, we should promote using cutting-edge technology in the classroom for the reason that it seems like such a natural progression; a progression that is inevitable. Am I wrong to say this? Larson acknowledges that their are many programs (in both K-12 and college) that are using the web to document oral history – such as taped interviews, sound-bytes and pictures. The goal of the web is not to make things harder for the historian; the goal is to integrate these elements into an easy and efficient interface, or web design, that would ultimately make learning history easier for the student.

So, is less actually more when talking about implementing digital technology in the classroom? Or, maybe we should rephrase this adage: Could less difficulty while using the web contribute to more learning? Sure, I don’t see why not.

(I’ve been patiently awaiting the arrival of the Sarah Horton book from Amazon…It should have been here 3 days ago.. I will post on that book before Tuesday.)

Matt

September 25, 2006

Music and its Overall Importance in History

Filed under: history and tech, matthew — Matthew Gravely @ 5:16 pm

I like to think of music as one of the oldest forms of communication. I imagine hearing the deadening drumbeat of tribes at war. I hear wood-like instruments that inaugurate the proceedings of a ceremony. I hear the lovely wash of sound of the violin being played at a classical music concert. I hear The Jesus and the Mary Chains’, Psychocandy, rotating on my playlist as I write this.

But what exactly is music? Is it just an arrangement of noises that sound melodic, or amelodic to the ear? Is it the message that most people gravitate towards, or is it the styling? What kind of importance does music play in history, and is music a reaction to the current issues of the time? These are questions that I ask myself while listening close to my favorite bands.

For those of you not familiar with Fort Reno Park, it is a field located right across from Woodrow Wilson High School in Washington D.C. Every summer people flock to to this space to hear local musicians play music for free. I have attended many shows there, which include: Fugazi, Q and Not U, among other notable D.C. acts (mostly rooted in the punk scene.) Aside from the normal thoughts that everybody (including myself) have while attending a concert such as: What kind of instruments are they using? Do I recognize the songs? Are they improvising? Are they hiring a new roadie (in which case I would feel a great obligation to help out)… I begin to wonder: What is music? Why do we have it? And, are the songs being represented in a historical context? Or, to a larger extent, once the music stops, what kind of meanings or interpretations can we derive from the sounds? This is very perplexing to me.

Does music only exist in a time capsule, or is it present and for the moment? Certainly, live music can be thought of as”in the moment”, but can recorded music be treated as history? In a broad sense, the answer to this question is yes. But, how do we treat music in this way without subscribing to the usual way of writing about music (i.e. focusing too mush on the band’s stance, or their legal troubles?) What about writing on the actaul music itself? Yes, reviewers are able to accomplish this, but not convincingly. For instance, one reviewer may claim that the song was “very moving”, while the other reviewer may refer to the song as “utter trash.” Thus, the writing, or reviewing of music seems very objectional and opinionated.

Which leads me to pose this question: Can music be analyzed beyond the usual trappings of writing objectionally?

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