Archive for the ‘Countries’ Category

In Class Presentation, ‘Poland & Martial Law.’

Thursday, December 13th, 2007

I wanted to tackle Martial Law from a different angle and I hope my presentation helped to demonstrate that while Solidarity’s role in the implementation of Martial Law is something that we as a class are familiar with, the Soviet role in the crisis required further examination. This is very important to me because after learning about Gen. Woijeich Jaruzelski’s background and the incredible amount of suffering that he’s endured and still does due to eye and back injuries he suffered during his deportation to Siberia, that anyone could think that he would welcome a Soviet invasion. What irks me is that a large amount of the research I performed on Soviet Military doctrine and positions relevant to NATO simply didn’t fit into the research paper like I’d hoped it would. This cut down dramatically on the number of citations that would’ve otherwise been included, and thus reduced the quality of my writing.

I felt it necessary to include visual aids in my presentation while delivering the material in a context that would keep the attention of the class. While my choice of vocabulary might be viewed as less than scholarly, the ability to recognize and connect with an audience takes precedence if the message is to be understood. I enjoyed the questions asked about my sources and at the same time I offer apologies for my answers as they could’ve been more helpful. I will fine tune any other presentations to include a complete list of my sources, which in this case numbered close to 20, but with only around 7-8 actually used in the final draft of my research paper.

Wikipedia Follow-up

Thursday, December 13th, 2007

At the beginning of this semester it was my intention to focus on East Germany. I’ve always held a degree of fascination with the nation, much the same as I have with North Korea. However, since one no longer exists and the other views the United States as it’s arch-enemy I’m left to view both nations the same way a single man might view a married woman through a combination of curiosity and visual imagery which gives the perception of looking at ‘forbidden fruit.’ My fascination with East Germany stems from the quick change in governing structures and the extreme ends of the political spectrum at which both forms of rule lie. Moving so quickly from Nazi rule to the brutal Stalinist form of Communist dictatorship must have been a difficult transition, and that transition and how ordinary East German’s dealt with it along with the rise of the Stasi and the militarization of the border separating East from West Germany were all topics that caught my attention as potential Wikipedia entries.

A crucial part of the decision making process involved checking to see what information on East Germany had already been posted, looking for topics that up until that point had not been written about at all, and then merely selecting one to begin from scratch with. The decision to start a Wikipedia entry from scratch appealed to me because I wanted to have complete control over what would be written from the outset. With that in mind I began researching all Wikipedia entries on East Germany and for quite sometime found myself wondering if I should perhaps select a different topic to research. Shortly after beginning that very train of thought I came across a list of names of high ranking East German government officials, the positions that they had held and the various years that they had served in those offices. The vast majority of names had functioning links to other pages dedicated to each individual. One of the few exceptions was next to the East German Defense Minister and Deputy Prime Minister, both of which certainly appeared to be important positions. The name of that official, whom I might add is still alive, is Heinz Kessler.

After searching for various sources for information on Mr. Kessler, I can understand why his name had no functioning link or additional information. There’s simply not much information available on the man. The vast majority of information that I included in my article was found in a briefing that was read aloud over radio-free Europe. This included a brief biography on Mr. Kessler, positions he’d held in the East German government, and the date he took over as the GDR/NVA Defense Minister. To date on my article I’ve only had one real issue with any of the 15 edits that have occurred. That being one gentleman who kept changing the spelling of Heinz Kessler into classical German which then caused the link between the main East German government page and my own to not function properly. However, I was able to convince said gentleman to submit to my point of view.

Wikipedia Assignment

Thursday, December 13th, 2007

I think that the Wikipedia exercise was a good look at what can happen with an information source that can be added to and edited by anyone.  This was my first experience with Wikipedia, and I am pleased to say that my article was taken down relatively quickly.

My article was on the Romanian Army’s involvement in the revolution of 1989.  I chose this topic because it was the most change in such a small amount of time: the government was the most oppressive there and the people were the most broken.  It might be a bit romantic, but I liked the idea of the people smashing their government and executing their leaders.  Romania was the only country in which there was no political action taken before the revolution.  Everything else I had read in Stokes’ book indicated that other countries had liberalization, internal, or external; Romania did not, and that was more interesting.

In my Wikipedia article, I wrote all the information I had, which was just a few paragraphs.  All of the information was corroborated, but there was not much in the way of detail.  When I did my research for the paper, I was able to find actual reasons for the rebellion of the soldiers: short conscription periods, de-professionalization, executions, purges, etc.  Though I had included some of this information in the initial article, I didn’t have everything in the article.

A problem with my article is that there was a lot of information in the parent article; there was a lot of information about the revolution scattered about, but there was not much information about the army.  I had the choice of either futilely changing the article many times to add minimal information, or making my own page with minimal information.  I decided to make my own page and link it to the main page.  My page was left alone for awhile until it was auto edited for tags, and my own few edits.  Eventually, it was just deleted by an editor, with a comment on how it was *a mess*.  I have to say that the concept of tagging and linking was confusing to me, I really detest coding, even as simple as the Wikipedia coding for linking; I know the concepts, but I’m not that good with the implementation.

My article was made with very little knowledge, other than the information that I got from Stokes, and by the time I had done more research, my article had been deleted.  The peer reviewing system works just as well in Wikipedia as it does in the classroom, and I wouldn’t be surprised if it is thought of as a more credible source given a bit more time.  I think that in time, I might make another article on Wikipedia, but next time, I’ll start with more information, and attempt to be a bit more steadfast in my interest with my article.  It might be interesting to write another article next semester, with my research done, and more valid assertions formed with support.

My Wiki Entry

Thursday, December 13th, 2007

I had rather a rough experience in my Wikipedia assignment. First of all, since it was the on-line encyclopedia website that anyone could write about anything, it was not easy to find topic that no one ever wrote before. After long search for the topic, I finally decided to write my entry about the movie called “Underground,” which is a movie about Yugoslavia Civil War. Since I could not offer too much information about this one particular movie alone, I decided to expand my topic to “films about Yugoslavia Civil War.” I hoped that once I start this entry with posting one movie, I thought someone else would post some other movies to expand my entry. It turned out that it was not kind of topic that many people would be interested on because I saw very few additions or edits on the history page section of my entry. Anyway, I tried to expand my entry every time I accessed into my entry, but I could not find much information as I hoped. And then, something truly strange has happened to my entry. As I typed in my topic into the Wikipedia website, I got a message that my entry was erased. What the message explained to me was that my topic does not have enough information to be listed as an independent topic. Besides, there was a separate entry about the movie “Underground” already existed somewhere which I did not realize before. I could fully understand why the webmaster decided to delete my entry, but what I could not understand was that why they waited about three months to take this kind of action? The website deleted my entry at the middle of November, so I was kind of wondering why they waited such a long period of time to take an action. Despite my rough experience with finding topic and my entry gets erased, I thought I experienced something very unique and valuable throughout this process. By some reason, it felt really good that what I wrote was on the internet. And, I realized that if I found a very interesting topic that many people might find interesting, maybe I could really expanded my entry through helps of strangers without I actually do all the researches. Maybe, I should try to find some topic that no one ever wrote before but really interesting one, which is really difficult to find these days. I remember watching “Underground” in the movie theater back in my native country. When I first saw this movie, it was really confusing and strange because I never heard of Yugoslavia and Eastern Europe before, and in my naïve perception, America was only the western country. So, it was really strange to learn about Eastern Europe and all those people’s sufferings since the WWII. I recently saw this movie again and since I had more understandings of Eastern European history because of this class, I could understand this movie better. I really recommend watching this movie despite the mixed opinions of critics about this movie. You might find little bit weird and awkward at the beginning of this movie, but I guess that was the way Eastern European history was written after the WWII.

Saeil

Wikipedia Entry of Imre Pozsgay

Wednesday, December 12th, 2007

I wrote my wikipedia entry about Imre Pozsgay due to the sheer fact that he was Hungarian and I myself have Hungarian roots. Also because he seemed like an interesting character and I couldn’t really find anything else to write about that someone else in the class or wikipedia had written about. Pozsgay was an important man in Hungarian history and a key player in maintaining Hungarian Democracy. He was born in Hungarian and was part of the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party, a group that played a major part in Hungary’s path to democracy. He was one of the first major figures to recognize that the revolution was a popular uprising and not a counterrevolution. Pozsgay joined the HSWP after he got a degree in English from the Lenin Institute in Budapest. His calls for reform lead to a falling out with the party’s leader Janos Kadar and in turn Moved Pozsgay to head the chairman position of the party’s mass organization, the Patriotic Front. Kadar was soon removed from his Minister of State position and Pozsgay took his place right after in 1988. The Hungarian Socialists Party (formally known as the HSWP) announced Pozsgay as their Deputy President. However in 1991 Pozsgay split off from the HSP to form his own party called the National Democratic Alliance.

My initial wikipedia entry was kind of weak and didn’t fit the protocol of wikipedia entries. However I must have picked a person that sparked some interests in certain people’s lives because corrections, new citations and information, and correct grammar were edited in my paper. Individuals wrote about information about Imre Pozsgay that I didn’t even know about. However the initial phase of my entry on Imre Pozsgay must have faded quickly, because after the first day no one attempted to edit my entry.

What I learned from writing my article on Imre Pozsgay for Wikipedia while basically anyone can write a wikipedia article is that it is a lot harder than it looks and there are guidelines that need to be met. Citations are also crucial in writing an article, all your information should be cited to let the reader know the information is real and the articles, books, and journals cited could maybe even excite the reader into reading more about the subject at hand. I would have never thought I could write an entry for wikipedia, but thanks to this class I proved to myself I can and did something I wouldn’t ordinarily do.

Wikipedia entry

Monday, December 10th, 2007

Alright, about my wikipedia post… only two other people have amended the entry since it was posted (hope my letter grade doesn’t drop as a result of that). This is the link: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1mestie_Slovensk%C3%A9ho_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%A9ho_povstania_%28Bratislava%29

I just chose the topic randomly; there was not anything really magical or special about it. I was looking over the entry for the Velvet Revolution and while reading the bit under Tuesday November 21, the name Square of Slovak National Uprising was written in red, which caught my attention. Considering that I haven’t posted anything on wikipedia and did not really know what to write about, what better place to start than here.

I, then, created my account which was pretty easy, started looking through the databases, but really did not come across a whole lot that could help me write the article. There was not much in the ways of a lengthy history other than what happened before World War II with the leader at the time allying himself (and the country) with the Third Reich, allowing the Nazis to come in. Then they began oppressing and deporting Jews and others, which the Fascists typically did and that created an atmosphere of fear and terror. So when the Red Army began rolling through, the Czechs and Slovaks began revolting and combined it became one of the defining moments in their history. In 1989, the square saw more protesters who were finished with communism and the empty promises of the old regime and ideology.

Undoubtedly, there will be some question of the sources used, so I’ll elaborate. What I found and used were the Christian Science Monitor (one of the most objective news reporting outlets), the BBC (because they were there at the time, not a preferred source) and another article from the history database. I found several other articles, however they either pertained more to Havel than the actual site or they were written in Czech or Slovak.

From what I noticed looking over what has been edited, really what the two or so other users did was make it look more aesthetically appealing for which I must take leaps and bounds before that can be so. I think this assignment was one of the more interesting things I’ve done during the time at Mason. When just thinking about the venue the entry was posted (wikipedia) and how, whether or not you trust it or your professor likes it is irrelevant because it is here to stay. So much more information is contained in the site than anywhere else I can think of like Britannica and Encarta. The idea that someone looking at doing a research project now or next year or ten years down the road can look at the Velvet Revolution and wonder what the heck is the Square of Slovak National Uprising, and for them the article I started can put some of the event during November 1989 into context. Twain said, “History doesn’t repeat itself, but it does rhyme.” For some of us the articles we make in the larger context of the events surrounding whatever the subject was, well, ordinary people can look at it and draw their conclusions based on the facts we found. Such as in the case of getting rid of the Nazis, then having to do the same for the Communists.

The more we take an active interest in what is posted and examining things we do actually know about or can cite, the more knowledge can thrive in the public domain. But that isn’t to say we should hook up servos to wind chimes and every time an article is edited it will sound the “winds of change” like what Dr. Kelly’s friend has rigged. But who knows, my article went through very little actual change. Perhaps in 5 years it’ll look a lot different and have more depth to it.

My Presentation on Hip-Hop in Yugoslavia

Thursday, December 6th, 2007

I was pretty worried before my presentation that I wouldn’t be able to communicate my point effectively to the class. After all, I hardly had a cohesive thesis in my draft. Luckily, I was able to get through the presentation without messing it up completely, and delivering it actually helped me solidify my ideas a little more (on account of sheer necessity).

Unfortunately I wasn’t able to incorporate the videos I used as effectively as I hoped. Condensing a 15 page paper into 10 minutes was definitely a big challenge for me, and I felt I had to skip over a lot of pretty important points. At the same time, like I said above, this process helped me to take a step back from the content of my paper and identify the main conclusions of my research. I spent the bulk of my time investigating the subject with no thesis in mind, and it only came loosely came together in time for the draft. With the questions posed in class and the experience of presenting, I feel I was better able to adjust my final version of the paper so that it was more clear and emphasized a central line of thinking. Furthermore, this process of synthesis raised questions for me as well that I have not yet found an answer to, and may be the starting point for some interesting research in the future.

Post Presentation Summary – Kevin

Tuesday, December 4th, 2007

Almost there… If I wasn’t clear enough in my presentation, hopefully this should serve better. Knowing that time was limited today, I tried to keep what I wanted to say as brief as possible and really sped through it, but I think I covered most of the main points I needed to cover. Either way, here’s a recap.

I chose my topic after doing a little research into Ibrahim Böhme, who I wrote my Wikipedia entry on, and after watching the movie “The Lives of Others.” Somehow, in thinking about both, I started to wonder if (as ironic as it may sound) the Stasi could have played any role in contributing to the collapse of the GDR. In realizing that that would be sort of a tough point to argue, I decided to reformat my topic a little and look into how the Stasi’s history has been interpreted since 1989.

My argument in my paper is basically that Stasi history isn’t as “black and white” as it is largely presented in writing and in the media or press and sometimes in film. At the same time, not everything or everybody associated with the Stasi were “evil.” I included evidence of this in my paper discussing the management of the Stasi Archives by the Gauck Authority which naturally is biased towards victims; “reformist” informers like Manfred Stolpe, who claim that their “conversations” with the Stasi were intended as merely a means of bringing about change in the system; officers like Marcus Wolf, who have expressed becoming disillusioned with the Stasi and the GDR leadership prior to 1989; and talked about the ZAIG (Central Evaluation and Information Group) division that focused on public opinion and encouraged an open discussion of life in the GDR (just as long as it was discussion with the Stasi, not in public or with anyone else). I hope my evidence really supports my argument as much as I intended it to.

I essentially come to the conclusion that as controversial as the Stasi is still today, further examination should strive to remain objective and that in order to do so, the laws pertaining to the Gauck Authority’s management of the archives should be revamped maybe. Like the GDR itself, not ALL in the Stasi was or were bad.

I think my presentation went ok (at least I hope). I think it was helpful in that it aided me in formulating my thoughts a little more. Now I just need to finish my paper!!!

Presentation on the Ten Day War

Tuesday, December 4th, 2007

I picked this topic because it was about the genesis of several wars which I knew very little about, despite my attention to Stokes. I knew very little about the Ten Days war, the War in the Balkans, and the various other wars that followed like Bosnia and Kosovo. In addition, the topic of asymmetric warfare is something I’d wish I didn’t hear about everyday, but it is a reality for we few and proud who choose to serve or are currently serving. As I continued to research on this subject I drew parallels between several issues and other more blatant issues (I assumed to be, at least) were not as they seemed initially. Some parallels would be the issue of media in war. It doesn’t matter where you are from or how many degrees you have, people will always listen to the media and what it tells us. The media shapes our reality so if we are watching Fox News, we tend to think things are going super duper in the war on terror and conversely if we are watching CNN. Well, Jelko Kacin who was the information minister threw the media a bone by telling them about the latest victories of the TO, like burned out vehicles which when viewed appear to show that the TO is kicking butt and taking names, when really the vehicle was abandoned and some kids set fire to it. Personally, I had the mindset that this war was a guerrilla war and ostensibly it is, but it in many ways it was nothing more than an organized armed protest (a few steps above the G8 or World Bank summit protests). What it I got out of my readings were that the Slovenes took advantage of their situation, both sides escalated tensions, there was a catharsis of sorts in the form of sporadic gun fire and the occasional tank/APC being immobilized, that immobilized armor being recorded, the JNA having no real plan and then everyone just going home because Slovenia couldn’t be suppressed. So many authors built the conflict up, but it wasn’t really a classic David versus Goliath situation like the Six-Day War between Jordan, Syria, Egypt and Iraq versus Israel, and many other wars in history. So right there, some sources like Gow and Carmichael and several others pointed out the fact that this war was largely a propaganda campaign against the weaker and ignorant JNA, which should change people’s opinions on the Ten Day war itself. This while other authors either ignore or haven’t found information validating that this war was largely a war for show. So my personal conclusions/bias doesn’t necessarily reflect the material I read, nor can I back the simplification up by facts because so much of it is over simplified, but that is where I’m coming from.

Originally my plan was to articulate the ideas I had in my paper and shed some light on new facts that were recently uncovered from other historians on the issue of the Ten Days War between the JNA and TDF. Unfortunately that didn’t happen. My argument is that the success of the Slovene resistance was the result of the Yugoslav state’s weakness, which is directly attributable to a series of decentralization efforts that benefited the TDFs and their autonomy throughout Yugoslavia. Moreover, that success was inevitable given the circumstances around 25 June 1991. The JNA chose to act against the Slovene guerrillas who had the desire to be independent from Yugoslavia, the Slovenes’ TO was trained in smaller unit tactics, were more agile and mobile, had first hand knowledge of their own country, and worse, had actual Slovenes and sympathizers within the JNA feeding them intelligence. On the other hand, the JNA had a plan, but the plan was specious and shortsighted. Their incursion was predicated on the assumption that the Slovenes would capitulate under the Yugoslav Army’s might. It was not the will of the JNA soldier to fight or die for their country, rather it was the officers at the higher echelons that desired the soldier to fight for their own control over the Yugoslav state, that was dying.

Presentation

Tuesday, November 27th, 2007

I think that the presentation was useful, because I was able to see how my paper needs to have more clarity.  I think that it was beneficial to discuss my sources with others, and I think that might have been the best part for me.  I would like to have made a more in depth discussion with people prior to this.  I could have done more to prepare for my presentation, had I been given more of a rubric.

I should have placed more emphasis on the question and answer part.  Getting feedback from people was helpful, but I think I could have gotten more if more people had gone, or realized what an opportunity this was.

I wonder how many other people are in the same boat as I am as far as sources go, but I’ll have to wait a few more classes to figure that out.  I wonder if other people had any sources that I might have found useful (other than Mills and Xenia).  I would have found it interesting to compare my sources to those of other people.

I wish I had been more engaging with my audience, I might have been able to understand more what I need to do, or gauge myself better if I had been more charismatic.  I think I got my thesis across though, which is the important thing.  I should have asked afterwards if everyone got the gist of my argument, or if I needed to clarify that.

Anyone going after me, I think should use the question and answer segment to more effect than I did.  The audience, I think, should also use it to gauge what they need to do, and what they can do to make both their presentations and their papers better.