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What streaming video/audio formats are available?
There are three main players in the streaming media game: RealNetworks, Microsoft, and Apple.
RealNetworks
By far the most popular streaming format, RealNetworks' Real Media (.rm)
format provides audio and video streaming to millions of users around
the web every day. To view Real Media streams you need to have a copy
of Real Player, which comes in Basic (free) and Plus (pay) versions
(although Real makes you work VERY hard to download the free one by
bombarding you with invasive "are you really sure you don't
want the pay version?" advertising). Real also produces a range of
server and encoding software to suit a variety of media serving needs
(and budgets), for both Unix and Windows platforms.
The format itself is generally very good, although at low
bit-rates the compression can get a little blurry (particularly if
there is a lot of movement in the frame). One of the biggest advantages
Real has over it's main competitor, Windows Media, is that the Real
Server has the ability to determine what the highest quality of content
(speed) your current connection supports, and to seamlessly serve it to
you. This removes the need for streaming media producers to create
multiple versions to suit different connection speeds.
The main authoring tool for Real Media is Real Producer
and, like their player, is available in free and pay versions. Many
other commercial editing programs also have Real Media export
functions.
Windows Media Microsoft was late to the streaming media game,
but in typical fashion moved to try and dominate quickly. Their initial
offering was a product called Netshow, which was renamed Windows Media for version 4.0. Windows Media uses Microsoft's Active Streaming Format (.asf)
for its streaming files, which also has additional functions to allow
presentation-style (slide-shows, audio-to-event syncronisation etc). To
view Windows Media, you need to have the Windows Media Player (version
9 or later to take advantage of the best features) installed on your
computer. Unlike Real's product, Windows Media Player plays almost all
types of streaming media content and it's 100% free. The server
software (Windows Media Services) is also 100% free although it only
runs on Windows servers (NT/2000 for version 8, and Server 2003 for
version 9).
Windows Media arguably provides a better quality of video and
audio than Real, although to get the most out of the format you must be
prepared to deal with its inconsistent encoding performance and often
fickle compression nature. The additional presentation functionality in
Windows Media also opens up a whole world of options, particularly the
fact that you can synchronise functions in web page (or opening a new
page) with points in your media presentation. The major drawback is of
course the inability (as of version 7) to support multiple bit-rates
with a single file like Real. This means if you want your high-speed
users to see decent quality media, you need to create several versions
of the same file, one for each of the connection speeds you wish to
target.
There are several authoring tools available that make up the Windows Media Tools suite. You can download them for free from Microsoft. There is also a plug-in for Adobe Premiere that allows you to export movies in ASF format.
Quicktime Apple's proprietary video format has been a staple
of digital video for years, and was the first cross-platform way of
viewing video online. Although Quicktime (.mov) has quasi-streamed
since version 2.0, it never used buffering so most people still had to
wait for the entire movie to download before it could be viewed. With
versions 4.0/5.0 Apple decided to push Quicktime as a competitor in the
streaming market to Real and Windows Media, however the need for
special encoding (not done by many standard Quicktime applications,
combined with the comparatively minimal levels of compression, have
meant that Quicktime still does not stream consistently enough to
seamlessly watch it while it's downloading.
The basic Quicktime player is free from Apple, although they suggest
you update to Quicktime Pro (for a fee of course). Quicktime does not
require a server to stream - you can simply download the file and watch
it - although the "streaming" properties of Quicktime later versions
requires Apple's Quicktime server, which is only available for OSX
servers. Recently, Apple decided to release the source for Quicktime
server and a project known as Darwin Streaming Server is making the
technology available for non-Apple platforms such as Windows and Linux.
Quicktime is by far the most superior format in terms of
video/audio quality for putting media on the Internet, although it's in
ability to stream properly will always place it behind Real/Windows
Media. In most cases, people include Quicktime as an additional
"high-quality" option for those who don't mind the wait.
You have several options for authoring Quicktime, ranging from the tools available when you purchase Quicktime Pro to third-party video editing applications such as Adobe Premiere and Ulead Media Studio Pro.
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