Soviet Dictatorship: Newspaper, Women's Equality
Pravda, "On the Path to a Great Emancipation," March 8, 1929.

Articles and images published in Soviet newspapers on March 8, International Communist Woman’s Day, provide the most obvious examples of how women were used as symbols in a propaganda campaign. These texts and images were clearly intended to convey a certain message about the changing role of women... [more]

Soviet Dictatorship: Drawing, Old Way of Life
Izvestiia, “Old Way of Life,” March 8, 1930.

Articles and images published in Soviet newspapers on March 8, International Communist Woman’s Day, provide the most obvious examples of how women were used as symbols in a propaganda campaign. These texts and images were clearly intended to convey a certain message about the changing role of women... [more]

Soviet Dictatorship: Cartoon, “Woman with Lenin/Stalin Flag”
Leningradskaia pravda, "Woman with Lenin/Stalin Flag," March 8, 1934

Articles and images published in Soviet newspapers on March 8, International Communist Woman’s Day, provide the most obvious examples of how women were used as symbols in a propaganda campaign. These texts and images were clearly intended to convey a certain message about the changing role of women... [more]

Soviet Dictatorship: Newspaper, Women’s Roles
Pravda, “International Communist Woman’s Day,” March 9, 1939.

Articles and images published in Soviet newspapers on March 8, International Communist Woman’s Day, provide the most obvious examples of how women were used as symbols in a propaganda campaign. These texts and images were clearly intended to convey a certain message about the changing role of women... [more]

Soviet Dictatorship: Quantitative Evidence, Women's Employment
Chart of “Women in the Soviet Labor Force: Total Number and Percent of Workforce.” In Zhenshchina v SSSR (Moscow, 1936).

The increased presence of women in the workforce as a result of industrialization and other aspects of modernization during the 1930s was documented in government publications. While the numbers themselves cannot be independently verified, the more important analytical question involves asking... [more]

Soviet Dictatorship: Quantitative Evidence, Women's Education
Chart of “Women in the Soviet Union and Capitalist Countries.” In Zhenshchina v SSSR (Moscow, 1936).

The increased presence of women in the workforce as a result of industrialization and other aspects of modernization during the 1930s was documented in government publications. While the numbers themselves cannot be independently verified, the more important analytical question involves asking... [more]

Soviet Dictatorship: Newspaper, Women’s Work
Vecherniaia Moskva, “More Women into Production!” June 30, 1930.

The increased presence of women in the workforce as a result of industrialization and other aspects of modernization during the 1930s was documented in government publications. While the numbers themselves cannot be independently verified, the more important analytical question involves asking... [more]

Soviet Dictatorship: Newspaper, Women Workers
Minkin, Z. “The Bolshevik factory still does not have any women-master workers.” Rabochii, July 7, 1931.

The increased presence of women in the workforce as a result of industrialization and other aspects of modernization during the 1930s was documented in government publications. While the numbers themselves cannot be independently verified, the more important analytical question involves asking... [more]

Soviet Dictatorship: Newspaper, Daily Life
Pravda Severa, “Maria Semenovna Requires Assistance from the Party Collective,” September 9, 1932.

This article reflects a more complex example of state-controlled media. It is more negative in tone, by providing examples of problems in daily life, including shortages of housing and food, unequal treatment at work, and lack of services for families. Once again, the intention is to assert the... [more]

Soviet Dictatorship: Newspaper, Women’s Education
Za kommunisticheskoe prosveshchenie, “School No. 130 Follows its own Law,” February 6, 1937.

This article reflects a more complex example of state-controlled media. It is more negative in tone, by providing examples of problems in daily life, including shortages of housing and food, unequal treatment at work, and lack of services for families. Once again, the intention is to assert the... [more]

Soviet Dictatorship: Newspaper, Women’s Activism
Pravda Vostoka, “Defending the Rights of a Soviet Woman,” June 22, 1938.

This article reflects a more complex example of state-controlled media. It is more negative in tone, by providing examples of problems in daily life, including shortages of housing and food, unequal treatment at work, and lack of services for families. Once again, the intention is to assert the... [more]

Florence Farmborough and the Russian Front, 1914-1918: Excerpts from With the Armies of the Tsar: A Nurse at the Russian Front in War and Revolution
Farmborough, Florence. Nurse at the Russian Front: A Diary, 1914-1918. London: Constable, 1974. First U.S. edition: Farmborough, Florence. With the Armies of the Tsar: A Nurse at the Russian Front in War and Revolution, 1914-1918. Briarcliff Manor, NY: Stein and Day, 1974; Cooper Square Press, 2000.